NeuroSky Technology
Brainwaves:
The last century of neuroscience research has greatly increased our knowledge about the brain and particularly, the electrical signals emitted by neurons firing in the brain. The patterns and frequencies of these electrical signals can be measured by placing a sensor on the scalp. The Mind Tools line of headset products contain Neurosky Think Gear technology, which quantify the analog electrical signals, commonly referred to as brainwaves, and exercise them into digital signals. The Think Gear technology then makes those computations and signals available to games and applications. The Table I give a general synopsis of some of the commonly- identified frequencies that tend to be generated by different types of activity in the brain.
ThinkGear
ThinkGear is the technology inside every NeuroSky product or partner product that empowers a device to interface with the wearers’ brainwaves. It includes the sensor that touches the forehead, the contact and reference points located in the ear clip, and the on-board chip that processes all of the data. Both the raw brainwaves and the eSense Meters are computed on the ThinkGear chip.
Table1. Frequencies Generated By Different Types of Activities in the Brain
eSense
eSense is a NeuroSky's proprietary algorithm for representing mental states. To calculate eSense, the NeuroSky ThinkGear technology intensifies the raw brainwave signal and removes the ambient noise and muscle movement. The eSense algorithm is then applied to the remaining signal, resulting in explicated eSense meter values. Please note that eSense meter values do not interpret an exact number, but instead describe ranges of activity. The eSense meters are a way to show how effectively the user is captivating Attention (similar to concentration) or Meditation (similar to relaxation).
(a)Attention eSense:
The eSense Attention meter shows the intensity of a user's level of mental “focus” or “attention”, such as that which occurs during intense concentration and directed (but stable) mental activity. Its value ranges from 0 to 100. Distractions, wandering thoughts, lack of focus, or anxiety may lower the attention meter level.
(b)Meditation eSense:
The eSense Meditation meter shows the level of a user's mental “calmness” or “relaxation”. Its value ranges from 0 to 100. Note that Meditation is a measure of a person's mental states, not physical levels, so simply relaxing all the muscles of the body may not instantly result in an intensified effect meditation level. However, for most people in most normal circumstances, relaxing the body often helps the mind to relax as well. Meditation is related to reduce activity by the active mental processes in the brain. It has long been an observed that closing one's eyes turns of the mental activities which process images from the eyes. So closing the eyes is often an effective method for increasing the Meditation meter level. Distractions, wandering thoughts, anxiety, agitation, and sensory stimuli may lower the Meditation meter levels.
eSense Meter:
Technical Description For each different type of eSense (i.e. Attention, Meditation), the meter value is reported on a relative eSense scale of 1 to 100. On this scale, a value between 40 to 60 at any given moment in time is considered “neutral” and is similar in notion to “baselines” that are established in conventional brainwave measurement techniques (though the method for determining a ThinkGear baseline is proprietary and may differ from conventional brainwaves).
A value from 60 to 80 is considered “slightly elevated”, and may be interpreted as levels tending to be higher than normal (levels of Attention or Meditation that may be higher than normal for a given person). Values from 80 to 100 are considered “elevated”, meaning they are strongly indicative of heightened levels of that eSense. Similarly, on the other end of the scale, a value Between 20 to 40 indicates “reduced” levels of the eSense, while a value Between 1 to 20 indicates “strongly lowered” levels of the eSense. These levels may indicate states of interruption, agitation, or abnormality, according to the opposite of each eSense.
The reason for the somewhat wide ranges for each interpretation is that some parts of the eSense algorithm are dynamically learning and at times employ some “slow-adaptive” algorithms to adjust to natural fluctuations and trends of each user, accounting for and compensating for the fact that brainwaves in the human brain are subject to normal ranges of variance and fluctuation. This is part of the reason why ThinkGear sensors are able to operate on a wide range of individuals under an extremely wide range of personal and environmental conditions, while still giving good accuracy and reliability.
Learn Tool and Technologies we have used in this project
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